What does a GFCI outlet primarily protect against?

A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlet is primarily designed to protect against electrical shocks. It does this by monitoring the flow of electricity through the circuit and rapidly disconnecting the power when it detects an imbalance between the incoming and outgoing current. This imbalance can be caused by current leaking from the circuit, which often occurs if a person comes into contact with a live electrical source, such as water.

The quick response of a GFCI outlet significantly reduces the risk of serious injury or fatality due to electric shock, particularly in areas where the risk is heightened, like kitchens and bathrooms. This protective feature is essential for enhancing safety and minimizing hazards in environments where electrical equipment may be used in conjunction with water.

While devices like circuit breakers and fuses are designed to protect against overheating and short circuits, they are not effective at preventing electrical shocks, which is the unique function of GFCI outlets. Additionally, GFCI outlets do not protect against power surges, which are generally managed by surge protectors or whole-home surge protection systems.